Method of winding dynamo-electric machines.



No. 744,144. PATENTED NOV. 17, 1903.

J. B. WIARD.

METHOD OF WINDING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21, 1903. N0 MODEL. v 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1. I

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John ISA Ward.

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PATENTBD NOV. 17, 1903.

J. B; WIARD. METHOD OF WINDING. DYNAMO ELECTRIC, MACHINES.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 21, 1903.

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PATENTED NOV. 17, 1903.

J. B. WIARD. METHOD OF WINDING DYNAMQ ELECTRIC MAGHINES APPLICATIONFILED MAR. 21, 1903.

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ulllllllllll Inventor 1 John B.Wiar"d. b5 M% UNITED STATES PatentedNovember 17, 1903.

PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN B. I/VIARD, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRICCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEIV YORK.

METHOD OF WINDING DYNAMO-ELECTRlQ iVlAClliNES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 744,144, dated November17, 1908.

Application filed March 21,1903. Serial No. 148,919. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN B. WIARD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Methods of WindingDynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The method constituting the subject-matter of the present application isapplicable to dynamo-electric machines provided with distributedwindingsthat is, with windings in which the polar area is covered by agroup of coils consisting of a number of different coils angularlydisplaced from one another on the coreand is particularly valuable inthe winding of small-sized dynamo-electric machines.

In making up distributed windings for large machines it is now theuniversal custom to wind the coils separately on forms, and after theyhave been properly insulated to assemble them on the magnetic structureor core .of the machine and connect their terminals For small Ina--together in the desired order. chines, however, the winding and tapingof a number of different coils, their subsequent assembly on the slottedcore, and the making of the necessary electrical connections between thedifferent coils is a matter involving considerable labor and expense,and especially is this the case if instead of a lapped winding (in whichcounterpart coils may be used) it is desired to use a winding in whichthe turns for each pole are made up of a number of concentric coils,since this involves the winding of several different sizes of coils forany one machine.

According to the method constituting the subject of the presentapplication, instead of winding a number ofdistinct coils for each groupone long coil is wound and is then woven either into the proper slots ofthe core itself or upon a suitable form in such a way as to give thedesired series arrangement of the conductors. When the winding is madeon a form, it constitutes a separate and distinct article ofmanufacture, which may be readily placed in position upon any core ofthe size and type for which it was designed. The winding may be either alap or a concentric winding according to the mannerin which the coil iswoven.

An important advantage resulting from the employment of this method overexisting methods is the great reduction in the number of necessaryterminal connections.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown the field-windings of afour-pole singlephase induction-motor wound according to my invention.These windings comprise a main winding and four auxiliary windings, eachformed by weaving into the slots of the core a long coil composed of anumber of turns of fine wire. The main winding consists of a single longcoil disposed upon the core, so as to form four polar windings, whilethe auxiliary windings are made up of four shorter coils, each forming asingle polarwinding. The auxiliary windings, together with means fordephasing the current passing through them, hereinafter referred to,constitute the means for making the machine self-starting.

Figure l of the drawings is a perspective view of the field-core abovereferred to with all the windings in place, the main winding beinglap-wound and the auxiliary windings concentrically wound. Fig. 2 is aView illustrating the relative sizes of the coils used in the main andauxiliary windings. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the main winding1apwound and the auxiliary windings concentrically wound upon thedeveloped surface of the magnetic core. Fig. 4 is a similar diagram, inwhich both the main and auxiliary windings are concentrically Wound; andFig. 5 is a view of one of the auxiliary coils wound as a separatearticle of manufacture.

In said drawings, in which like characters refer to like partsthroughout the several views, A designates the magnetic core, which isconstructed in the usual manner by assembling and binding together anumber of sheet-1netal punchings in the form of a ring, with slots andteeth on its inner surface for the reception of the windings. In theslots or notches of the core A the coils B and O are woven in such amanner as to provide the necessary polar windings. Each of these coilsis made by winding in any suitable manner a large number of turns offine wire and suitably binding them together, as by cords Z) l) or tape0, as shown in Fig. 2, leaving the terminals of the wire exposed. Thesecoils should be made of such a length that when placed on the form or inthe proper slots of the core to produce the desired windings there willbe no surplus or unused portions. The necessary length for any givenmachine can then be determined by experiment, and it may be variedaccording to the extent of the core the winding is designed to embrace.In the winding which I have illustrated the coil B is made of sullicientlength to traverse all the slots of the core, while each of the coils Ctraverses only a fourth of the total number. The coils having been madein the manner above described are now woven into the slots of themagnetic core.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have shown the magnetic core developed upon a planesurface and have indicated the slots by numerals 1 to 24, located in aline above the windings. In each of these figures the disposition of theauxiliary coils upon the core is identical, and each forms a concentricwinding. Considering the left-hand coil in each of the diagrams, it willbe seen that the coil is first passed into the slot 2 and While firmlyheld therein is brought over to and down through slot 3, then up through1, down through 4, up through 24, and down through 5. This is thecomplete winding for this coil, and according to previous calculationthe length is made just sufficient to take up all the slack when thecoil is pressed home into the slot 5. In a similar manner each of theother coils O is put in place. Thus each of these long coils C is thepractical equivalent of three short coils connected in series, asillustrated in the lefthand coil C in the diagram, in which the firstshort coil passes up through slot 2 and down through 3, the second upthrough 1 and down through 4, and the third up through 24 and downthrough 5. The terminals 42 43 of the coils O, which were left exposedwhen the coils were wound, are now to be properly connected up. Theterminals 42 of coils 1 and 3, counting from the left in the diagrams,and terminals 43 of coils 2 and 4 are connected together by theconductor 44. Similarly, the terminals 43 of coils 1 and 3 and terminals42 of coils 2 and 4 are connected together by the conductor 45. By meansof the wire 50 the conductor 44 is connected with the lead 46, runningfrom one of the main supply-wires 48. The conductor 45 is connecteddirectly to the lead 47, running from the other supply-wire 49. Thesesupply-wires are fed from a suitable source of single-phase current,which I have not considered it necessary to illustrate. The terminals ofeveryother coil are reversely connected for the obvious purpose ofproducing different polar effects. I

' have also interposed in the connecting-wire 50 an inductive resistancecomprising a coil 50, wound about a magnetic core 50, for a purposewhich will hereinafter appear.

It is of course clear that any or all of these coils 0 might be woundupon a suitable form,

so as to constitute a separate and distinct winding, such as is shown inFig. 5, which could be subsequently put in place upon the core.

When the auxiliary coils have been placed in the manner above described,the main coil is woven into place in a similar manner. This winding maybe a lap winding, as illus trated in Fig. 3, or a concentric winding, asillustrated in Fig. 4. The coil B, which I have illustrated in Figs. 1and 2, is used in forming the lap winding, (illustrated in Fig. 3,) anda coil 13, similar in all respects to the coil B, except that it islonger, which is necessary because of its different disposition upon thecore, is used in forming the concentric winding illustrated in Fig. 4.Both of these coils are woven upon the core in a manner similar to thewinding of the auxiliary coils, but by reason of their greater lengththey pass through more of the slots of the core.

Upon reference to the winding of the coil B, which is illustrated inFig. 3, it will be seen that said coil is passed down through slot 1, upthrough 5, down through 2, up through (5, down through 3, up through 7,down through 4, forming one polar winding, and then over to and upthrough slot 8, down through 11, up through 9, and so on until theentire coil is woven into place, so as to form the four polar windings,as diagrammatically shown. When the entire coil is in place except thatportion which passes through the last slot, it will be found that thecoil is of just sutlicient length to be pressed or drawn into its slotwithout leaving any appreciable slack or surplus. The exposed terminals51 and 52 of the coil B are then connected to the leads 46 and 47,respectively.

Upon reference to the winding of the coil B in accordance with thediagram illustrated in Fig. 4 it will be found that the coil is passedup through the slot 6, down through 7, up through 5, down through 8, upthrough 4, and down through 9, forming one polar winding in a mannersimilar to that heretofore described in connection with the winding ofthe auxiliary coils, and then over to and up through slot 13, downthrough 12, and so on until the entire coil is woven into place to formthe four polar windings. As in previous cases the coil is of justsuflicient length to till all of the slots in accordance with the predeterminedarrangementofwindingandwithout leaving any objectionable slack.The terminals 51 and 52 of this coil 13 are connected to the leads 46and 47, respectively. Thus in case of either of the long coils 13 or Bthe long coil is the practical equivalent of the number of short coilsconnected in series. A portion of these short coils may be traced in thecase of the long coil B, as follows: One short coil passes up through 5and down through 2, a second up through (5 and down through 3, and athird up through 7 and down through 4. Similarly tracing a portion ofthe coil B, one

.for either long coil B or B in the above manner it will be found thatboth long coils are made up of a number of short coils connected inseries.

' Considering the current-flow through the main windings, assumingacertain instanta neous direction of fiow, the current will pass fromone supply-wire, as 48, through thelead 46, there dividing, part passinginto the wire 50, which leads to the auxiliary coils, and part to theterminal 51 in the case of the coil 13 or 51 in case of the coil B,thence throughout that portion of the wire constituting one turn of thecoil, then through another turn, and so on until the complete wireforming the coil has been traversed, thence by the terminals 52 or 52,as the case may be, to the lead 47 and supply-wire 49. Similarly, thatportion of the current which passes into the Wire 50 passes through thecoil 50, conductor 44, through the auxiliary coils O O in parallel tothe conductor 45, thence to the lead 17, where it combines with theother portion and passes to the supply-wire 4:9,

From the above course of the current it is evident that the long coilwill produce the same results as a number of short coils arranged in themanner previously given and connected in series, although it differsslightly therefrom in that the path in the long coil extends through oneturn of each short coil before it enters the second turn, whereas in thecase of short coils connected in series the path extends through allturns of one coil before entering the second coil. However, for thepurposes of this invention the one is the electrical equivalent of theother, and no distinction will be made elsewhere in the specification orclaims between them. According to this assumption of instantaneousdirection of current-flow in case of the auxiliary coils, centers ofnorth poles (designated ll) are produced between the slots 2 3 and slots14: 15 and the centers of south poles (designated S) between the slots 89 and 20 21. Similarly, polar centers for the main winding formed by thecoil 13 are found between the slots a 5, 1O 11, 16 17, 22 2 3 and aredesignated N or S, according as they are north or south, and for thewinding made from the coil B, similarly designated, polar centers areformed between the slots 6 7, 12 18 19, 2 1.

From the above it will be seen that the centers of polar areas producedby the auxiliary coils are displaced relative to corresponding centersof polar areas produced by the main winding, and it will also be notedthat current passing through the auxiliary coils passes through theinductive resistance in the wire 50, previously referred to, and isthereby put out of phase with the current in the main winding, andconsequently the effective polar areas caused by the auxiliary windingsoccur at different times than the corresponding effects produced by themain windin lhis produces the necessary drag on the armature to make themachine self-starting. The auxiliary coils O C, which are in series withthe inductive resistance, are connected in multiple rather than inseries with each other for the purpose of increasing the dephasingeffect of said inductive resistance. The separate coils might, however,be connected in series, or they might be formed in a single coil thesame as the main motor-winding if such a construction should be deemeddesirable; also, the main winding might be wound in separate coils thesame as the starting-winding. lhe arrangement shown in the drawings is,however, the preferred arrangement for small motors.

I do not wish my invention to be restricted to the particular type ofmachine disclosed or to the particular windings or connections thereinspecified. Many changes may be made without departing from the spirit ofmy invention. it is also clear that the main winding, as well as theauxiliary windings, may be made upon suitable forms and subsequently putin place on the core instead of being Woven directly thereupon.

Although I have referred to field-windings throughout this disclosure ofmy invention, yet my invention is equally applicable toarmature-windings.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is

1. The method of winding a dynamo-electric machine having a toothed orslotted structure for the reception of windings, which consists. informing a winding of one or more long coils and weaving each long coilin and out of the notches of said toothed or slotted structure in such amanner as to make a plurality of short. coils connected in such series.

2. The method of forming a Winding for a dynamo-electric machine, whichconsists in making a long coil and then disposing the parts thereof soas to form a plurality of short coils connected in series.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of March,1903.

I JOHN B. VVIARD.

Witnesses:

DUeALn Molt. MoKILLOP, JOHN J. WALKER.

